Understanding Needs in Health and Social Care

Understanding Needs in Health and Social Care Introduction: There are many ways to understand the specific needs in health and social care. That’s depends on how health is impact on our life. However health is important for every man’s life. Typically, students of social and health Care for academic studies will have a work there as a discipline. Social and health care practice can provide lot of knowledge to change our outlook and also can provide many more opportunity to get jobs. It’s very helpful to learn this acknowledgement. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. In following statements stated about how health and social care apply on our day to day life. Task-1: Concepts of health, disabilities, illness and behavior: Health is important for any person. If it is damaged man can not work properly. So every humans needs to know about the concepts of health. There are many concepts for health. In the middle lay concepts are very helpful and also important for health. So now I will described about lay concepts of health. Lay concepts are popular with the name of folk concepts and this is conceptual models used by cultures, communities and individuals that’s can maintaining the health and to provide an explanation for sickness such as ayurvedic, biomedical, humoral. The body functions can get the way include particular ideas from the lay concepts of health and illness. The concepts are World Health Organization (WHO) that was established in 1946. Moreover their main theme is that good health is state of complete social, mental and physical well-being and also not merely the absence of infirmity or diseases. Everyone knows that health is most valuable resource for our everyday life not the meaning of living and it is a positive concept emphasizing personal and social resources as well as mental and physical capabilities. There are two further ways for disabilities. They are medical model and Social model. Their thinking is so different from each others. Such as The illness wellness continuum is a scale to show how lifestyle choices, e.g. smoking, becoming ill and things like regular checkups with a doctor, can move you between high level wellness and pre mature death. Perceptions of specific needs have changed over time: All clients should be able to free live from harm or fear that can be dangerous for human health and respected choices and have their rights. Every 36 hours a million of people use healthcare service and most of people get safe and high quality care. However some mistakes are made and things do go wrong. If they use healthcare services a recent high profile case. There are many combines’ elements of social and health care such as biology, sociology, law, ethics and nutrition. Social policy is very important for health. Every nation has some policy for establishing society. Health is a primary goal for eliminating disparities of the many states and federal government. Health is determined by many other factors That’s include personal behaviors, access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the general external environment such as the quality of water, housing condition and air. Specialized knowledge is also v ery helpful which acquired by additional training that’s individuals with health care service as well as attention and increased awareness, accommodation and adaptive measures beyond what are considered routine. Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture: There is significant public policy and legislation that’s relevant to Design of Universal. So legal and policy are spread to framework in this area not a legal reference. The legal matters are interconnected as direction and guidance. Social policy is very important for health. Every nation has some policy for establishing society. Health is a primary goal for eliminating disparities of the many states and federal government. Society can predicts easily their health, longevity and life chances if it has been established with individuals. There are many pathways which should understand more precisely through the wealth, income, occupation, education, and other features that’s influence on our mortality and health status. Everyone must be applied that the everyday life of part about how control of affection and effective prevention effect on. To meet their local arrangements some local partnerships may want to adapt various aspects of the procedures. For example, adults action for ethical dilemmas example, if they use healthcare services a recent high profile case show that there is still a lot to do to make sure that everyone is treated safely that arise commonly in this field are legal potential violations on the paper of a colleague or client. Health is determined by many other factors That’s include personal behaviors, access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the general external environment such as the quality of water, housing condition and air. Social variables which for some types such as robust evidence poverty or socioeconomic status of their links to health of official record keeping have been begin. Task-2: Care needs of individuals: There is wide variety of mental, psychological and physical health conditions that’s needs to be considered special healthcare. There include any sensory, behavioral, developmental, cognitive, mental, physical or limiting condition or emotional impairment that requires the management of medical, the intervention of health care and services which should be special or programs. The condition may be developmental, congenital or through acquired trauma, disease or the cause of environment and may limited impose which performing every substantial limitations or self-maintenance activities in a major life activity. Specialized knowledge is also very helpful which acquired by additional training that’s individuals with health care service as well as attention and increased awareness, accommodation and adaptive measures beyond what are considered routine. There are two more care systems for individuals that are described in below. The condition may be developmental, congenital or through acquired trauma, disease or the cause of environment and may limited impose which performing every substantial limitations or self-maintenance activities in a major life activity. Current systems for supporting individuals: Everyone must be applied that the everyday life of part about how control of affection and effective prevention effect on. To make sure that client needs or rough do not meet behavior vulnerable population members on working with as the part of the client processes are crucial of infection prevention and controls are set up for high standards. Health is important for every man’s life. Typically, social and health care is important for every man’s life. That’s contained safety statement, risk management, responsibilities to health and safety, impact policy and care practice and so on. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. There are many combines’ elements of social and health care such as biology, sociology, law, ethics and nutrition. Social policy is very important for health. Every nation has some policy for establishing society. Health is a primary goal for eliminating dis parities of the many states and federal government. Society can predicts easily their health, longevity and life chances if it has been established with individuals. Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality for individuals: There are many approaches and therapies are available in chosen locality for individual. Existing tools which are announced for combine uses which are innovative. The development of new behavioral changes and technologies could provide new capacity and opportunity that should be decreased the number of HIV infections. There are many therapies like drug therapy, physiotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Drug therapies are called with pharmacotherapy however that’s first name was psychotherapy. But every year new innovation is made up. This is one of the best therapies. Our knowledge is growing up rapidly in chemistry section and this is the very nervous systems for us. Moreover our genetic makeup is also growing up even faster. It is of course said that psychological problems have other roots as well but pill cannot solve this problems. The ways of teaching people we will need that to understand properly that’s can also deal with us with many more stress that’s more encourage and effective them to make our life would be best. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. There are many combines’ elements of social and health care such as biology, sociology, law, ethics and nutrition. Another one cognitive behavioral therapy this are type of psychotherapeutic treatment that’s helps patients to understand their feelings and thoughts which influence on their behavior. Task-3: Approaches and interventions available to support individuals: There are many therapies like drug therapy, physiotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Drug therapies are called with pharmacotherapy however that’s first name was psychotherapy. But every year new innovation is made up. This is one of the best therapies. Our knowledge is growing up rapidly in chemistry section and this is the very nervous systems for us. In all current social and health care practice the person centered approaches will guide. The individual rights of clients this model of care emphasizes protecting, early therapeutic work based care of Carl Rogers and taking measures in a custom and manner their unique needs can be best meets. Health is determined by many other factors That’s include personal behaviors, access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the general external environment such as the quality of water, housing condition and air. Social variables which for some types s uch as robust evidence poverty or socioeconomic status of their links to health of official record keeping have been begin. That’s contained safety statement, risk management, responsibilities to health and safety, impact policy and care practice and so on. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. Effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual: An intervention strategy there has much effectiveness for health. One of the effectiveness is efficacy of treatment. This is a capacity which produces an effect. This is not same as effectiveness. It has different sorts of meaning which effect on different field. In the field of medicine they are able to produce a desired effect from an intervention or drug. Moreover it indicates for beneficial change which has more capacity called as therapeutic effect of a given intervention such as medical device, public, drug or surgical procedure intervention. In the practice of medicine effectiveness relates to how well a treatment works. If it works in real life a treatment will effective in non-ideal circumstances. That’s contained safety statement, risk management, responsibilities to health and safety, impact policy and care practice and so on. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. In a ll current social and health care practice the person centered approaches will guide. The individual rights of clients this model of care emphasizes protecting, early therapeutic work based care of Carl Rogers and taking measures in a custom and manner their unique needs can be best meets. Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals: Social and health care system is the regardless of most important specific role that face difficult practical problems working within this great environment face difficult practical problem. Additionally, the inter-professional working in directing diverse range organizational policy allows professionals resources, services and knowledge these complex challenges can be solved. In social and health care effective strategies used developing effective communication in social and health care environment to barriers to effective overcome interpersonal and communication interactions. Information and material that is most important to focus. There are many different strategies to learning that may encountered by individuals in social and health care workplace. However one of the most effective ways is that building relationships and appropriate non-verbal and verbal communication with people who use service. Health is determined by many other factors That’s include personal behaviors, access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the general external environment such as the quality of water, housing condition and air. Task-4: Different concepts of challenging behavior: There are many concepts challenging behavior. Such as illness behavior, social construct behavior, medical and lay concepts of behavior. That’s very important for challenge with behavior. The management of illness behavior that’s has become more popular with the area of interest as well as significant challenge for the social and health sciences. That’s relates to non-diseases factors which most help-seeking as widely accepted. Health is important for every man’s life. Typically, social and health care is important for every man’s life. That’s contained safety statement, risk management, responsibilities to health and safety, impact policy and care practice and so on. That’s very important for any health and social care training center. There are many combines’ elements of social and health care such as biology, sociology, law, ethics and nutrition. The condition may be developmental, congenital or through acquired trauma, disease or the cause of environment and may limited impose which performing every substantial limitations or self-maintenance activities in a major life activity. Mentally ill people are growing up rapidly in the total population. And this is the evident in our society that they not receive better hospitalized system of treatment. A qualified therapist can occur in an outpatient clinic. Human judgment is for countless human choices. Anti-determinism is not the result of social construction. The main focuses of social construct are hidden the ways in which groups and individual of their perceived social reality. The potential impact of challenging behavior: Challenging is defined by a person’s behavior if it puts those or them such as their career that’s a quality of poorer life. In everyday activities it can also impact on their ability. Challenging behavior can include self-harm, aggression, disruptiveness and destructiveness. People with any condition a challenging behavior can be seen which affect our brain and communication such as learning dementia or disabilities. We express and interact our needs is the main way of communication, dislikes and likes. Communication can be frustrating if it faces some problem for the person involved that may results error. Behavior may be repeated if it leads to a desired outcome. The condition may be developmental, congenital or through acquired trauma, disease or the cause of environment and may limited impose which performing every substantial limitations or self-maintenance activities in a major life activity. Strategies for working with challenging behaviors: Challenging behavior is described as difficult behavior or socially unacceptable behavior or problem behavior. However in the recent years it used challenged to us as teachers, careers, parents and professional Every nurse can make difference from others to the care of people with dementia. This new effect can make challenge with people To dementia care of the wider nursing contribution can raising the profile All nurses describes that what is expected from others to meet the quality and level of care expected in all care tools. The specialist and unique contribution of all nurses can making a difference to dementia vision recognizes who are involved in this care system at different stages along their pathway. Every people know that the dementia system of care is the best but its needs to ensure for people. Across the dementia pathways can make contribution by all nurses. To meet their local arrangements some local partnerships may want to adapt various aspects of the procedures. For example, adults action for ethical dilemmas example, if they use healthcare services a recent high profile case show that there is still a lot to do to make sure that everyone is treated safely that arise commonly in this field are legal potential violations on the paper of a colleague or client. Conclusion: In summary following statement stated about how can we understood specific needs in health and social care. Furthermore stated about concepts of health, disabilities,illness and behavior, perceptions of specific needs have changed over time, impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture, care needs of individuals, current systems for supporting individuals, the services available in a chosen locality for individuals, approaches and interventions available to support individuals, effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual, potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals, different concepts of challenging behavior, the potential impact of challenging behavior, Strategies for working with challenging behaviors all are the important for understanding specific needs in health and social care.

Puerto peincesa Essay

This Case Study is about Puerto Princesa, Palawan nature based attraction. The case study is being made for having a broader knowledge about their weaknesses, strengths, community, sustainable place, and any other terms relating to tourism. Come up with a hypothesis, methodology, results, analysis and conclusion. Resolve or give suggestion, recommendation for the negative results that will be shown in this case study. Introduction: A tour and research has been done for this case study. Experiencing their place, to feel their place for the case study to be more realistic and having a wider knowledge about Puerto Princesa, Palawan to come up with a possible reccomendation. PUERTO PRINCESA, PALAWAN â€Å"The last frontier of Southeast asia† Puerto Princesa City, a tropical paradise with a bustling urban center perfect for business with leisure trips. Lush rainforests and white sand beaches are simply hours away from the city proper, where a banking and commercial boom has made life easier for workaholics who can never run away from the office. Puerto Princesa, which forms part of the Philippine’s last frontier, is a City rich in natural resources. It is the country’s largest City with a total land area of 253,982 hectares. A chain of mountain ranges runs through the entire length of the City, dividing it into two distinct areas – the East and the West Coast. The eastern side, which is facing the Sulu Sea is characterized by thin strand lines bordered by swamplands, following a series of flat plains to hilly terrain. The West Coast has fewer plains with mountain ranges close to the China Sea, thus giving the City a unique yet fragile ecology. Puerto Princesa’s pride is easily the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River (or Underground River), a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature. The 8.2-kilometer river, said to be the longest navigable underground river in the world, winds its way underneath a mountain range, through the St. Paul Underground River Cave, and then goes out into the South China Sea. The journey through the cave system alone is 24 kilometers long. The entire area where the Underground River is located is actually a national park and a model of biodiversity. More than 800 plant species, including almost 300 trees, 195 bird species, 30 mammals, 19 reptiles, and eight bat species call this area home. Economic growth: Hypothesis:

Public Vs Private Special Education Education Essay

Public schools are under onslaught and have been for some clip. This tendency is increasing and the popularity of private schools is turning. How does this social tendency relate to the instruction of kids with particular demands? The Education for all Handicapped Children Act ( EAHCA ) was originally passed in by Congress in 1975 and signed into jurisprudence by President Gerald Ford. This act stipulated that kids with disablements would hold the right to a free and appropriate instruction. Since its original transition, the jurisprudence has been amended four times and is referred to today as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA ) ( Conroy, Yell, Katsiyannis and Collins, 2010, p. 1 ) . This paper will analyze how the jurisprudence was originally founded and how it has evolved over the old ages. The difference between how services are delivered to pupils with particular demands in public and private schools will be explored and who pays for such services will be re searched. Finally, this paper will seek to reply the inquiry: Which is better – private or public – for pupils with particular demands? The Law Prior to EAHCA, besides known as Public Law 94-142, kids with particular demands were by and large excluded from public instruction. With this landmark statute law, public schools were required to offer equal entree to instruction and one free repast per twenty-four hours to pupils with particular demands in order to have federal support. The basic premiss of this jurisprudence was that provinces must develop and implement policies that afford kids with particular demands a free and appropriate instruction. The four specific intents of PL 94-142 were to supply a free and appropriate instruction to pupils with particular demands, protect the rights of kids and their parents, to help provinces and vicinities with the proviso of instruction and to measure the effectivity of all of the aforesaid attempts. Inherent in EAHCA was parental engagement in the development of their kid ‘s particular instruction plan. The jurisprudence provided chances for parents to convey civil cases to f ederal territory tribunal ( Conroy, Yell, Katsiyannis and Collinsw, 2010, p. 1 ) . Since the origin of EAHCA in 1975 the US Supreme Court has heard 11 instances related to the jurisprudence ( Conroy, et. Al, 2010, p. 3 ) . The jurisprudence was foremost revised eleven old ages after its origin and was named the Handicapped Children Protection Act of 1986 ( Conroy, et Al, 2010, p. 2 ) . The basic alteration to the jurisprudence in this alteration was that provinces had to supply services to kids with particular demands get downing at birth instead than age three. The 1990 amendment changed the name to the Persons with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA ) ( Conroy, et Al, 2010, p. 2 ) . IDEA was amended in 1997 and included transitional services from school to adult life ( Conroy, et Al, 2010, p. 2 ) . The 4th alteration of the initial 1975 jurisprudence occurred in 2004 with the Persons with Disabilities Improvement Act, which in kernel aligned the jurisprudence with No Child Left Behind. The 2004 alteration added the demand for extremely qualified instructors, ends for pupils with particular demands and measuring pupil degrees. IDEA defines the services and instruction that meet the criterions for what constitutes a free and appropriate instruction. A basic premiss of IDEA is the constitution of an Individualized Education Program ( IEP ) ( Bradley, 2006, p. 405 ) . IDEA governs particular instruction plans on a federal degree. IDEA has four cardinal constituents: States must guarantee a free and appropriate instruction to pupils with disablements in either public or private school ; an IEP must be developed for each kid with parental audience ; pupils must be educated in the least restrictive environment ; and parents can bespeak due procedure hearings with an independent officer when they object to the educational commissariats for their kid, whose determinations can be appealed to province instruction bureaus and so to province and federal territory tribunals ( Buck, 2012, p. 653 ) . Although EAHCA required that school territories provide instruction and services to kids with particular demands in private schools, it was non clear if kids in private schools would hold equal entree to services as their opposite numbers in public schools ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 3 ) . Originally the legal power over the private school fell on the LEA where the kid lived. The legal power has since changed to the location of the private school. Harmonizing to IDEA, the local instruction bureau ( LEA ) must supply Child Find services to kids in private schools ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 4 ) . In Child Find, the LEA must turn up, place and measure pupils with particular demands. Following Child Find, LEAs are required to apportion a proportionate sum of their federal financess to kids with particular demands in private schools ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 4 ) . LEAs must besides confer with with private school functionaries and parents. Following Child Find activities, allotment of relative federal financess and aforesaid audience, the LEA decides which services to supply. Harmonizing to Drang and McLaughlin, â€Å" Children enrolled in private school may have a different type and/or sum of service than their public school opposite numbers with similar disablements and educational demands. † ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 5 ) In fact, federal tribunal instances have determined that LEAs can non necessitate pupils with particular demands to go to public schools in order to have services but LEAs are non required to offer services at private schools ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 9 ) . The 2004 amendment provinces that kids with particular demands in private schools are eligible for services but the jurisprudence looks at them as a group, non as single pupils. Therefore, â€Å" no kid has an single right to a specific service. † ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 9 ) The 2004 amendment included appropriations through 2011. Therefore, Congress is presently placing issues for the following reauthorization of IDEA ( Jones and Toland, 2009, p. 1 ) . Some issues that will be examined include the sum of educational advancement required to run into FAPE criterions and what educational benefits are required to be written on an IEP? Congress will besides be looking at if IDEA permits the usage of restraints and privacy and what rights does a non-custodian parent hold? Many of the issues Congress will be debating root from judicial determinations sing IDEA. Payment for Particular Education IDEA requires LEAs to utilize a proportionate sum of their federal financess on private schools but they are non required to utilize any of their province or local dollars ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 9 ) . Private school arrangement can happen for pupils with disablements either based upon the IEP squad ‘s finding or parents ‘ enterprise ( Buck, 2012, p. 653 ) . In some cases it is non the parents who opt for private instruction but the school territory. If the school territory can non adequately supply services that a pupil requires, the territory may choose arrangement in a private school. Courts can reimburse the cost of private instruction in such instances. This applies specifically to schools that are established to run into the particular demands of pupils with disablements. If the public school can non adequately address specific demands, they should reimburse the tuition paid by parents ( Bradley, 2006, p. 408 ) . If parents enroll a kid in a private school because the public school did non supply a free and appropriate instruction, so the tribunals can mandate that the public school reimburse the costs of the tuition to the parents ( Buck, 2012, p. 654 ) . Current jurisprudence is if a kid with particular demands is placed in a private school by a LEA or SEA ( province educational bureau ) in order to run into the FAPE ( free and appropriate instruction ) the LEA or SEA must pay the full cost. If the kid with particular demands is placed in the private school by the parents, a hearing officer or tribunal must make up one's mind of full tuition or some services are paid for by the public school ( Jones and Toland, 2009, p. 29 ) . Further, if parents placed their kid in a private school because the LEA did non supply IDEA services, the public school must reimburse parents the cost of tuition ( Jones and Toland, 2009, p. 20 ) . Public V. Private Approach As Drang and McLaughlin noted, there is a deficiency of research related to particular instruction services bringing in private schools. Eigenbrood, nevertheless, examined differences in service bringing between sectarian and public schools in a Midwestern province in 2005. A notable determination of the Eigenbrood research was that pupils in sectarian schools are non ever officially diagnosed ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 9 ) . Eigenbrood farther noted that private schools study fewer Numberss of kids having formal ratings and IEPs. Eigenbrood concluded that the consequences found might be attributable to private schools and parents being sick informed about Child Find services ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 9 ) . Other research workers have supported that LEAs need to describe how they publicize Child Find activities. An of import differentiation between public and private instruction plans for pupils with particular demands relates to teacher makings. No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) required instructors in Title I schools to be â€Å" extremely qualified † or have a unmarried man ‘s grade or province enfranchisement or licence. Congress supported the â€Å" extremely qualified † teacher demand when reauthorizing IDEA in 2004 ( Hensel, 2010, p. 326 ) . Regulations require staff at private schools meet the same makings as those in public schools with the noteworthy exclusion that they are non required to run into the â€Å" extremely qualified † criterion for particular instruction instructors ( Drang and McLaughlin, 2008, p. 5 ) . Private school staff can be used to supply services but lone outside of their specified occupation responsibilities at the private school. Some research workers note jobs with how particular instruction plans are funded in general. Harmonizing to Jay Green with the University of Arkansas Department of Education Reform, the current system of particular instruction provides fiscal inducements to over identify pupils with particular demands and under serves pupil who are identified. Green studies that schools receive fiscal wagess when they place pupils in particular instruction plans. The Voucher System Green recommends publishing verifiers for the cost of public school to be used at private schools. Green notes that the figure of pupils defined as handicapped has grown from 8.3 % in 1976 to 13.3 % in 2000 ( Green, 2007, p. 705 ) . He elaborates by stating that while the figure of pupils classified as specific larning handicapped has tripled from 1976 to 2000, the figure diagnosed with terrible emotional perturbations, developmental holds, sightlessness, hearing loss, autism and traumatic encephalon hurt have merely increased somewhat during the same clip period. Green suspects that the greater figure of specific larning handicapped pupils is the consequence of labeling instead than an addition in the incidence of the disablement ( Green, 2007, p. 706 ) . He besides notes that the diagnosing of specific larning disablement is subjective and less expensive to handle. However, experts in the particular instruction field do non subscribe to this belief. Berman, Davis, Koufman-Frederick and Urion found in 2001 that the figure of kids with larning disablements has increased due to medical engineering promotions, deinstitutionalization and increasing rates of childhood poorness ( Green 2007, p. 707 ) . Green refutes Berman and his co-workers ‘ claims that there has been an addition in the rate of disablement. Rather, Green suspects that the figure of kids necessitating particular instruction has increased due to the excess support provided to schools when their registration in particular instruction additions. Green studies that schools receive support based upon their registration Numberss, non services they provide. Green supports verifiers issued for the cost of educating pupils with particular demands as a agency to diminish over designation and increase service proviso. Harmonizing to Green, with a verifier system pupils can travel to whatever school provides the best service. But is this truly the instance? Wendy Hensel in her article titled, â€Å" Vouchers for Students with Disabilities: The Future of Education? † in the Journal of Law and Education offers a unquestionably different feeling. In her position verifiers are awarded chiefly to pupils that are mildly impaired. Making so impacts support available to kids with more marked disablements than remain in the public school sector. The verifier system, if allowed to turn, could ensue in kids with disablements in public schools being segregated from their equal, in kernel returning to how services were provided prior to 1975. Hensel argues that verifier systems are promoted by involvement groups that support school pick in general due to dissatisfaction with public schools. Hensel cites that critics of the verifier system claim that verifiers chiefly serve pupils from flush households and that they disproportionally help white pupils ( Hensel, 2010, p. 342 ) . She goes on to state that flush parents demand specialised service s more than deprived households. In a 50-state study conducted by Deborah Verstegen with the University of Nevada, Reno, consequences showed that provinces are modifying their support to back up pupils with particular demands ( Verstagen, 2011, p. 23 ) . All but one province reported that they were supplying extra financess to augment federal support under IDEA for pupils with particular demands. The verifier system is operated by single provinces. Each province is under the duty to supply instruction. State jurisprudence can impact widening public support to private schooling ( Hensel, 2010, p. 310 ) . In 2010 three provinces provided verifiers to pupils with particular demands – Florida, Utah and Georgia. At this same clip, Ohio provided verifiers to pupils with autism. By 2012 three more provinces were added – Arizona, Louisiana and Oklahoma ( Shah, 2012, p. 14 ) . The undermentioned 12 provinces have introduced similar statute law over the past few old ages: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina and Texas ( Hensel, 2010, p. 306 ) . There is the concern that if more pupils opt for verifier plans, there will be less money to educate kids with particular demands in public schools where their degree of disablement can be more terrible ( Hensel, 2010, p. 318 ) . The United States Department of Education Office of Civil Rights ( OCR ) has ruled that pupils with particular demands that opt for verifier plans basically waive their rights under IDEA ( Hensel, 2010, p. 316 ) . The OCR recommended that parents who elect to take part in the verifier plan be made cognizant that their kids would non be entitled to FAPE ( free and appropriate instruction ) under IDEA while go toing the private school. Their kids would non be entitled to an IEP and they would lose their right for due procedure. However, protagonists of the verifier system would reason that the bulk of parents do non hold the resources to litigate claims and hence, IDEA offering legal rights for due procedure loses a batch of credibleness. Evidence shows that most pupils accepting verifiers to go to private schools receive no specific scheduling or individualized direction ( Hensel, 2010, p. 323 ) . Furthermore, there are no particular instructor demands under the verifier plan. Private schools under the verifier plan need merely employ instructors with â€Å" particular accomplishments, cognition or expertness † ; no specific instruction, licence or enfranchisement is required ( Hensel, 2010, p. 326 ) . Stuart Buck in his article, â€Å" Particular Education Vouchers are Beneficial: A Response to Hensel † in the October 2012 edition of the Journal of Law and Particular Education contends that teacher quality is non related to instructor certificates ( Buck, 2012, p. 657 ) . Buck farther supports the thought that public school demands have no bearing on the quality of instruction. Buck supports offering verifiers to parents who are dissatisfied with the public schools. The lone other alternate harmonizing to Buck for disgruntled parents is to prosecute in cases against the public school, which they probably would non win ( Buck, 2012, p. 663 ) . Voucher plans vary from province to province. Some provinces require pupils to go to public school for a twelvemonth while others do non ( Shah, 2012, p. 14 ) . Private schools have the option of non accepting pupils they do non desire, whereas public schools do non hold the same option ( Shah, 2012, p. 14 ) . Teachers ‘ brotherhoods have opposed the usage of public revenue enhancement dollars to back up attending at private schools ( Hensel, 2010, p. 298 ) . During the IDEA reauthorization arguments of 2003, the National School Board Association and the National Coalition of Public Education prevailed in their resistance to federal subsidies of verifiers for particular demands. The verifier system was even debated during the 2008 Presidential run. Whereas Sarah Palin advocated for IDEA support to travel to any public or private school selected by the parents, Barack Obama prevailed and proclaimed his resistance to public monies being used to back up private schools ( Hensel, 2010, p. 310 ) . Advocates for spiritual instruction have besides been involved in the verifier motion. Some have argued for illustration that Florida, one of the first provinces to acquire involved with verifiers, was more interested in verifiers for spiritual schools than for particular demands ( Hensel, 2010, p. 297 ) . Religious schools have been seeking engage in the verifier system for pupils with particular demands much faster than non-religious schools ( Hensel, 2010, p. 324 ) . Some parents prefer private schools to public because of smaller category sizes. Public schools would offer smaller category sizes if support was available. Whereas private schools may be able to supply more individualised attending due to smaller category size, what is the quality of the direction? Contemplation and Decision This research led me to inquire my aunt about her experience with her girl with particular demands. My aunt ab initio enrolled her girl in a private school for spiritual intents. The public school holding legal power over the private school identified a generalised acquisition disablement. My aunt later decided to maintain her girl enrolled in the private school feeling that smaller category sizes would supply more individualised direction. A particular instruction coordinator from the public school oversaw the one-year IEP. Otherwise, my cousin did non have any specialised direction. A tutoring lab was present at the private spiritual school that pupils could go to as they so chose but were non required to. None of the instructors had particular instruction certificates or experience. The adjustments my cousin received were text editions and novels on tape and extended time/reduced work burden. For trials, she received 1A? clip to finish and for prep, she was merely required to fini sh half of the assignment as determined by her instructors. My aunt was besides under the feeling that since instructors at the private school were non portion of the instructors ‘ brotherhood, they would be terminated for hapless public presentation. As this was her first kid, my aunt had nil to compare her experience to. Once my cousin graduated and transitioned to college, she was referred to the Ohio Rehabilitation Services Commission and received services through the Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation ( BVR ) . BVR financed tutoring services, tuition aid, assistive engineering and specialized computing machine plans. My aunt did non cognize how her girl ‘s educational experience K-12 would be different had she been enrolled in public instruction. Public and private schools need to make a better occupation educating parents about their single plans so parents can do a more informed pick. So which system is better for pupils with particular demands – populace or private? The determination is ill-defined. However, sing that public schools are mandated to educate ALL kids and have criterions to run into comparative to serve proviso such as instructor makings, it appears that support should back up public schools. Wendy Hensel provided the most compelling grounds to back up public instruction. If the verifier system is allowed to turn, the service bringing theoretical account in public schools could change over back by about 40 old ages. The unity of the 1975 jurisprudence to supply a free and appropriate instruction to all pupils with disablements must be protected.

Studying the Bible as Literature

High School Term Paper - the Story

High School Term Paper - the Story High School Term Paper Options If you believe that you are not going to succeed all on your own and find a great grade for your high school assignments, there's no better method out than an expert guidance in essay writing. Thus, a high school student need not opt for a topic far beyond her or his talents. Most high school students require a superior custom writing service to deal with the task and find the desired grade. If you're a student in college or higher school, then you understand how hard it can be to stay informed about your homework, sports, a job, and family members. When there is need for discovering more ideas, make sure you've already identified a fruitful avenue for doing this. It's sometimes hard to select the topic which is both new and has a great deal of information to research on it so that a student will have the ability to present the material in the best way possible. 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Renaissance vs Baroque - 1102 Words

ART 101 ART HISTORY Module 1- CASE The ideology and culture of the Renaissance and Baroque Eras are reflected in artwork from the eras. Renaissance art seems to the moment before an event took place and the Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring. For example Michelangelo designed his David composed and still before he fights against Goliath. In Berninis David in the Baroque era is caught in the motion of hurling the stone at Goliath. â€Å"Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.† During the Renaissance†¦show more content†¦The church had turned itself into an immovable institution with influence over everything in the kingdom. During the time when the Christian religion had become almost a personal affair for many of the people of Europe; â€Å"Michelangelo saw himself as a master (almost like a God) who was going to create David (his Adam). Even though there have been many portrayals of David none of them carried the poise and intensity of Michelangelos work of art.† The term Baroque was initially used with a insulting meaning, to underline the extremes of its magnitude. In particular, the term was used to describe its eccentric redundancy and loud overbearing use of details, which contrasted the clear and simple prudence of the Renaissance era artworks. The objective of baroque was to make the temporary life on earth unique and full of beauty. Symmetry seemed very important during this time. Baroque was a profound style; many engorged forms, over the top ornaments and a good use of rich and glossy materials (a lot of colorful marble, gilding and bronze). There were a lot of movement, and flow in the sculptures and paintings. For example angels were made to fly, saints were portrayed to be raising towards the heavens, and people were captured in action as they moved and fought. Baroque is filled with drama and magnificent accents;Show MoreRelatedBaroque Vs. Baroque Renaissance2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe style that followed the Renaissance is usually called ‘Baroque’. ‘But, while it is easy to identify the earlier style by definite marks of recognition, this is not so simple in the case of Baroque.’ Baroque is considered to be ‘one of the great periods of art history’, and it is generally identified as being developed by Caravaggio, Gianlorenzo Bernini and Annibale Carracci. The Baroque period developed in Europe in around 1600, and it can be seen partly as a reaction against the intricate andRead MoreRenaissance vs Baroque1497 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance: the development of linear  perspective  and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and gradual but widespread  educational  reform . In politics the Renaissance contributed the development of the conventions of diplomacy, and in science an increased reliance on observation. Renaissance scholars employed the  humanist  method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art   Florentine painters led byMasaccio  strove to portray the human form realisticallyRead MoreArt Analysis: Renaissance Period vs. Italian Baroque1461 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of their background which has a direct impact on the work of Art that they produce. In this paper, we will try to develop an understanding regarding the difference that exist between a work that was developed in the Renaissance Period and one that came out in the Italian Baroque. The paper will try to find the ground on which they coincide and those on which they differ from each other. The Money Changer and his Wife, 1514 Artist: Quentin Massy: Quentin Massays has been considered as oneRead MoreBaroque Art: Protestant vs. Catholic Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesBaroque: Protestant vs. Catholic Before the purity of Neoclassicism, even before the carefree artists of the Rococo era, there was the dramatic and emotive Baroque. The term baroque is said to have been derived from the Portuguese word for an irregular pearl, and is certainly an adequate description. In the wake of what has become known as the Protest Reformation, the Catholic Church held the infamous Council of Trent. This eighteen year deliberation addressed several aspects of CatholicismRead MorePrometheus : The Myth Of Prometheus1819 Words   |  8 Pagespunished him by isolating him and chaining him to a rock, and sending an eagle each and every day to peck out his liver for all of eternity (Cartwright). Stories like those of the Titan have been captured via art throughout history. Both the Renaissance and the Baroque period referred back to and paid homage to many classical elements of Greco-Roman culture through architecture, sculpture, and painting. This classical influence, along with a renewed devotion to religion inspired by the Counter-ReformationRead MoreI Attended A Wonderful Jazz Concert At Prince George s Community College1163 Words   |  5 PagesBrian Settles, and Hope Udobi. The group performed a song cycle of seven songs: â€Å"The Rise of the Protester,† â€Å"Ballad for the Masses,† â€Å"Chant of the Revolt,† â€Å"Descension and Ascension,† â€Å"No Justice No Peace,† â€Å"The Piece of Resistance,† and â€Å"Blues People vs the Deplorables.† The piece titled â€Å"The Piece of Resistance,† my favorite song from the recital, and will be the focus of my concert report. â€Å"The Piece of Resistance† was performed, by Robinson playing drums, Cyntje playing the trombone, Udobi playingRead MoreApplied Question 2 Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesmonophonic, and had nonmetric melodies set in one of the church modes, or scales. The rise or development of polyphony came about during the Renaissance period; the Council of Trent wanted polyphonic church music to be created and Palestrina composed the  Pope Marcellus  Mass, a six part vocal polyphonic song. In the Baroque period religious war broke out between Protestants vs. Catholics; these wars effected music and led to music having regular rhythms and continuous melodic expansion. By this time musicalRead MoreMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning1795 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter from within the Italian Renaissance: Alfonso II, the last Duke of Ferrara. The Duke married a young bride, Lucrezia de’ Medici; however, their marriage ended mysteriously after just three years (Bloom 16). Withi n My Last Duchess, Browning uses the character and voice of the Duke to pass comment upon some of the themes of the Italian Renaissance, particularly the juxtaposition between aesthetics and morality. Furthemore, he goes on to use the Renaissance framework to criticize aspects ofRead MoreChap 15: Europe Transformed- Reform and State Building1520 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge to the authority of the Catholic Church, in which by no means was the first crisis in churchs 1500 year history. 2. 14th century- severe economic reversals and social upheavals 3. 15th century- Renaissance: a revival of arts and letters 4. 16th century- Reformation: religious renaissance 5. Absolutism (absolute monarchy)- most evident during the reign of Louis XVI 6. 17th century - absolute and limited monarchy were the poles of state building 7. What were the main tenets of LutheranismRead MoreEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrefren, D Renaissance VS Neoclassicism How could two periods such as the Neoclassicism and the Renaissance be so successful and be focused on very different things? Neoclassicism and the Renaissance are two major periods in the history of art during which different forms of art including architecture, painting, music and visual arts, significantly advanced. It was during these periods, different artists became very famous as a result of the masterpieces reflecting how the ideologies and artistic

Business Operations of Oz Supermarket

Question: Discuss about the Business Operations of Oz Supermarket. Answer: Introduction The major aim of this report is to portray few recommending strategies for Oz Supermarket, which is a newly developed retail chain aims to provide the best services to its customers on a regular basis. Oz Supermarket has to be concerned about provide improved services as well as products so that they can build huge customer base for this organization along with generating good revenue. Thus, this report conveys three major recommendations in this regard along with providing an outline or the description of the business operations followed by this retail chain. Oz Supermarket is the newly formed retail chain, which has been mainly set up at the check up points for reducing the exit queues. Moreover, it encourages customers for coming in, grabbing what they desire to buy and then leaving the store. This retail organization has embarked few significant business operations. First of all, this organization only stocks non-perishable, stationery and household goods. On the other hand, this organization has entirely adopted the PayWave technology and it does not accept cash. Thus, the customers generally bag their items as they shop. The customers exists merely the shop while shopping has been completed. Therefore, the total amount is charged automatically to the card utilized as the customer walks out of the store. Apart from that, the without a PayWave card, customers can approach the front desk for putting a temporary cash deposit Recommending Strategies for Oz Supermarket After discussing the entire business operations of Oz supermarket, it can be seen that there are few certain areas within the business activities of the retail chain where recommending strategies should be implemented thoroughly. These are as follows: Increase in stock Variety According to the stock of this retail, this organizations only stocks the non-perishable, stationery as well as household goods. However, this limiting cost can limit the way of earning revenues for the retail organization. Therefore, this organization should enhance its stock variety as well as the number of items within the individual stocks (Tian Schwartz, 2015). Nevertheless, in this regard, this retail chain should incorporate those products into its stock, whose market demand is high. This retail organization should focus on those facts because, Oz Supermarket is completely a new retail enterprise and it is aiming to build its reputation as a retail farm as well as generate good revenue at the end (Ciravegna Brenes, 2016). Therefore, in this regard, this organization should also stock other kinds of goods which have huge demand in market such as clothes, fashion products, accessories, technical equipments, books and other products (Jia et al., 2015) . Moreover, the enhancement in the stock of this retail organization would ultimately result in increasing the customer base for this retail chain which is the ultimate goal of this company as a newly developed retail chain. Managing the Security concerns for the store and customers and reducing extra overheads Oz Supermarket should be properly take care about the security issues those can be the vital concerns for this retail organization as well as the potential customers of this retail chain. Thus, in this regard, this retail enterprise should focus managing both the security factors for the retail store and the customers of the company as well (Tolstoy, Jonsson Sharma, 2016). In case of managing the store security, it can help in avoiding the shrinkage of the inventory. Moreover, it depends on the location, products and the size of the store. Therefore, this retail chain can attach the electronic tags on its products those are sensed at the entrance of the store and exits by the sensors for the detection of theft (Kohlbacher, 2014). Moreover, this retail supermarket must have to focus more on resolving the security issues associated with the PayWave technology (da Veiga et al., 2016). It has been s een that this technology has few consequences along with its advantages. PIN code is not requested in case of the contactless transactions through PayWave technology. Thus the means of protection in this case have to face a boundary to the encryption keys formed by a terminal as well as a card (Muslimah Simatupang, 2014). In this regard, the custom terminal of the retail chain should employ the encryption keys obtained from an acquiring bank as well as a payment system. Therefore, this retail must be focused on this matter in order to enhance the security assurance for the customers of Oz supermarket as this organization is a newly developed retail chain (Prasad, 2016). However, by being focused on this fact would ultimately help the retail to overcome the few issues with the PayWave cards, which can satisfy its customers regarding their security concerns while shopping in Oz Supermarket (Dean, Fath Chen, 2014). On the other hand, this organization should not tag every item with t he RFID chip as it causes the additional overheads. Most importantly, the store absorbs this cost in the customer interests who are in rush. Therefore, Oz Supermarket should tag those items with this chip which are the most valuable and demanding products for the customers. Addressing Data Flooding Every successful reading of the tag attached with the retail items is not useful for the business purposes (Dean, Fath Chen, 2014). The huge amount of data can be evolved, which is not ultimately useful in order to manage inventory or other applications. For an instance, a consumer moving a product from one shelf to another shelf or a pallet load of articles, which passes many readers while being moved in a warehouse, are the events those do not produce data, which is meaningful to an inventory control system. Therefore, in this regard, event filtering is necessary for reducing data inflow to a meaningful depiction to move goods passing a threshold (Song Kang, 2014). Therefore, middleware should be performed while filtering from the redundant and noisy raw data to the significant processed data (Tolstoy, Jonsson Sharma, 2016). Moreover, Oz Supermarket should also utilize a RFID tag for addressing international trade concerns, which is operational within a ll of the international frequency domains. From the entire discussion made in this report, it can be stated that in spite of being a newly formed retail company, Oz Supermarket can be capable of provide worthy and proper retail services to its customers because of the implementation of advanced technologies like PayWave technology. However, this report has highlighted and demonstrated three recommendations those should be incorporated or followed while conducting its retail business operations in future. These recommending strategies would simply help this organization for creating a huge customer base and significant customer satisfaction. Suggestions to Improve Customer Service Customer Service is always about providing the customers what they want, while they want, in the best possible manner (Sharma Lambert, 2013). An organization would have a greater scope of increasing and keeping its customer base, if this business provides good customer service. Thus, from the given scenario, it can be seen that Oz supermarket has implemented the PayWave technology, PayWave card system which are one of the safest payment system for the customers. Moreover, this organization also has allowed the shopping summary stations those placed strategically throughout the stores permitting customers for viewing in detailed list of items that is in their trolley. All of these factors can significantly play huge role in providing a good customer service to its customers (Aryee et al., 2015). However, this retail chain should consider few suggestion regarding improving its customer service. In order to build a significant customer service, it is necessary for this retail organization to build a good relationship through effective communication with its customers. As the Oz Supermarket is completely new in this industry, they should try hard to recognize the common ground-like shared interests (Celuch Robinson, 2016). Moreover, this retail chain should always be concerned about the issues faced by the customers so that the issues could be resolved as early as possible. It would help the retail organization to retain the customer satisfaction factor (Krn, 2014). Most importantly, Oz Supermarket should always provide the scope of knowing this retail chain properly to its customers. Providing detailed information about Oz Supermarket can be proven to go long way as well as can also reduce the concerns with safety, trust or accessibility (Pitt et al., 2016). On the other hand, Bringing special services, knowledge as well as face-to-face interactions could help together for creating an authentic community for the customers of this organization. It could be the interactive part of the business operations of this retail chain. As Oz Supermarket is a new retail chain, thus, this retail enterprise can give special offers in order to seek the attention of the customers in terms of creating a strong customer base for this retail chain (Song Kang, 2014). This retail organization should be focused on taking the follow-up after resolving the issues encountered with the customers. Apart from that, the customers of this retail organization would feel more valued if Oz supermarket treats them as the essential members of a community (Tian Schwartz, 2015). Therefore, this organization can bring its customers together in several ways such as trade conventions, trade shows, social media, interactive websites as well as webinars. Suggestions to Improve Business Service or Operation Offerings Being a newly formed retail chain, Oz Supermarket should aim to improvise more and more its business services as well as its operation offerings (Tolstoy, Jonsson Sharma, 2016). Thus, in this regard, Oz supermarket has to focus on getting three major factors such as customer feedback, product quality review and process quality assurance. Customer Feedback Customer feedback always plays a crucial part in order to provide the right path to the organizations in terms of conducting their business operations (Muslimah Simatupang, 2014). Therefore, Oz Supermarket should always provide the scope to the customers in terms of providing feedback regarding their satisfaction factor about both the quality of the product as well as the services provided by this retail chain (da Veiga et al., 2016). Most important thing associated with this factor is that, Oz Supermarket has be very focused in conducting its business operations because any wrong step can ruin its business opportunities. Thus, in this regard, the customer feedback can provide this organization an assessment and an evaluation as well for its business operations (Dean, Fath Chen, 2014). Product Quality Review It can also be an essential and important way for improving the business service or operation offerings of Oz Supermarket (Song Kang, 2014). PQR or Product quality Review is the rolling as well as periodic quality reviews of all licensed medicinal products incorporating only products those are conducted with the goal to verify the consistency of the existing process, the appropriateness of the current specifications for both the finished and starting materials in terms of identifying product improvements and any trends (Celuch Robinson, 2016). Moreover, it can also be an effective quality improvement tool for enhancing the quality of the product. Process Quality Assurance It is such an area for Oz Supermarket that can support the delivery of the high-quality retail products by providing the store managers and staffs at all levels with proper visibility into as well as feedback on, processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project (Sharma Lambert, 2013). Therefore, the practices in process quality assurance area for this retail chain can assure that the planned processes are executed while thee practices in the area of verification process assure that the specified requirements are satisfied (da Veiga et al., 2016). These two process areas can on occasion address the similar work product but from different aspects. Thus, the retail operations of Oz supermarket should take the benefit of the overlap for minimizing duplication of effort while taking care for maintaining distinct perspectives (Tolstoy, Jonsson Sharma, 2016). Therefore, for this retail chain, the process quality assurance is very importa nt for the success of Oz Supermarket. References Aryee, S., Seidu, E.Y., Sacramento, C.A. and Martinaityte, I., 2015, January. Proactive Customer Service Performance: Test of a Team-Level Model. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 11002). Academy of Management. Cao, L. (2014). Business model transformation in moving to a cross-channel retail strategy: a case study.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), 69-96. Celuch, K., Robinson, N. M. (2016). How The Customer Feedback Process Contributes To Perceived Customer Orientation And Affective Commitment In The Higher Educational Service Context.Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior,29, 53. Ciravegna, L., Brenes, E. R. (2016). Learning to become a high reliability organization in the food retail business.Journal of Business Research,69(10), 4499-4506. da Veiga, C. P., da Veiga, C. R. P., Puchalski, W., dos Santos Coelho, L., Tortato, U. (2016). Demand forecasting based on natural computing approaches applied to the foodstuff retail segment.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,31, 174-181. Dean, C. A., Fath, B. D., Chen, B. (2014). Indicators for an expanded business operations model to evaluate eco-smart corporate communities.Ecological Indicators,47, 137-148. Gilmour, P., Borg, G., Duffy, P. A., Johnston, N. D., Limbek, B. E., Shaw, M. R. (2013). Customer service: differentiating by market segment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Jia, P., Govindan, K., Choi, T. M., Rajendran, S. (2015). Supplier selection problems in fashion business operations with sustainability considerations.Sustainability,7(2), 1603-1619. Krn, S. (2014). Analysing customer satisfaction and quality in constructionthe case of public and private customers.Nordic journal of surveying and real estate research,2. Kohlbacher, M. (2014). Retail analytics: practical applications.The Business Management Review,5(2), 131. Muslimah, M. D., Simatupang, T. M. (2014). Supply chain collaboration for ensuring retail product availability at Glaxosmithkline. In6th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management. Pitt, M., Chotipanich, S., Issarasak, S., Mulholland, K., Panupattanapong, P. (2016). An examination of facility management, customer satisfaction and service relationship in the Bangkok healthcare system.Indoor and Built Environment,25(3), 442-458. Prasad, M. K. R. (2016). Information Technology Revolution in Retail Sector.PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research,4(8). Sharma, A., Lambert, D. M. (2013). Segmentation of markets based on customer service.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Song, E. J., Kang, M. S. (2014). A Study on Customer Satisfaction Survey System for Effective Customer Feedback Analysis.International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information,17(8), 3637. Soteriou, A. C., Stavrinides, Y. (2013). An internal customer service quality data envelopment analysis model for bank branches.International Journal of Bank Marketing. Tian, X., Schwartz, S. (2015). The Use of Analytical Platform to Identify Valuable Interventions in Retail Pharmacies. Tolstoy, D., Jonsson, A., Sharma, D. D. (2016). The Influence of a Retail Firms Geographic Scope of Operations on Its International Online Sales.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,20(3), 293-318.